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¹Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Gülhane Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye Going to space is the oldest dream of humankind. This dream came true in the 20th century and many countries have launched their space programs. However, as trips into space become prolonged and the going to different planets is considered, the effects of the space environment on the human body have also begun to attract interest. The conditions for safe space travel have begun to be investigated. The gravity-free environment/low gravity (microgravity), radiation and low magnetic field are the most important factors affecting the human body inspace. In order to demonstrate the effects of these factors, the space environment has been simulated on Earth and scientific studies have been started in space stations as well. The aim of this review is to summarize the studies on the effects of space on the human brain and to guide future generations on this subject. Anahtar Kelimeler : Brain, Microgravity, Radiation, Space