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¹Ankara Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye The middle cerebral artery is one of main arteries of the brain and originates from the internal carotid artery. The trunk structure, cortical branches, early branches and anomalies of the middle cerebral artery are very important, especially for surgery of the pathologies of this area. Not only the superior trunk and inferior trunk but also the intermediate trunk is described in this text with their effect on the cortical branches. The supply area of the middle cerebral artery is explained with its cortical branches. The anomalies of the middle cerebral artery such as duplicated middle cerebral artery, accessory middle cerebral artery and fenestrated middle cerebral artery are described. The microsurgical anatomy of the middle cerebral artery is discussed and the importance of the middle cerebral artery is described in the paper. Anahtar Kelimeler : Anatomy, Cortical branch, Middle cerebral artery, Trunk