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¹Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Gülhane Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye There is a relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain, which often involves bidirectional signaling involving intestinal microbiota. This relationship, often referred to as the Gut-Brain Axis (or microbiota-gut-brain axis), controls various afferent and efferent pathways such as the vagus nerve and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal pathway to regulate homeostasis aspects such as hunger, satiety and inflammation. It has been shown that deterioration of the Gut-Brain axis plays a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases including Parkinson"s Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. In this review, brief information will be provided to the readers about the gut-brain axis which is newly understood. Anahtar Kelimeler : Microbiota, Second Brain, Gut-Brain Axis