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¹Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Bakırköy Prof Mazhar Osman Ruh Sağlığı ve Sinir Hastalıkları Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye Pain is an entity that has been included in the written sources of all civilizations. Despite highly developed medical technology, the problems regarding the pathophysiology and treatment of pain have not been solved yet. This process started 3000 years ago in China. Changes in the definition of pain still continue. Various modalities have been used in pain in the last few decades. Neuromodulation therapies are widely used for stimulation and lesion surgeries. Peripheral nerve stimulation or lesion surgeries, spinal cord stimulation or ablation surgeries, deep brain stimulation or lesion surgeries targeting deep brain target points are the current surgical procedures in the treatment of intractable pain. In this chapter, the pain will be reviewed chronologically and the development process of the relevant neurosurgical modalities will be explained. Anahtar Kelimeler : Pain, History, Neuromodulation, Neurosurgery