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¹T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı Bakırköy Mazhar Osman Ruh Sağlığı ve Sinir Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Nöroşirürji Kliniği, İstanbul,Türkiye Neurosurgery is one of the most technically demanding among all medical specialties. More than 75% of neurosurgical errors are deemed as preventable and technical in nature. Although there is no replacement for actual experiences in the operating room, interpersonal mentorship, coaching, and training, there is room to supplement residency education through simulation. Simulation training plays a paramount role in medicine, especially when it comes to mastering surgical skills. By simulating, students gain not only confidence, but expertise, learning to apply theory in a safe environment. As the technological arsenal has improved, virtual reality and physical simulators have developed and are now an important part of the neurosurgery training curriculum. Based on deliberate practice in a controlled space, simulation allows development of psychomotor skills without putting patients or students at risk. When compared to the master-apprentice ongoing model of teaching, simulation becomes even more appealing as it is timeefficient, shortening the learning curve and ultimately leading to error reduction, which is reflected by diminished health care costs in the long run. In this article, we present a review of the current models of simulation and discuss the state-of-the-art and future directions for simulation in neurosurgery. Anahtar Kelimeler : Neurosurgery, Simulation, Training, Virtual reality