Material and Methods: 2 (4 sides) formalin-fixed and silicone-injected adult head cadaver specimens were dissected under the microscope at 6x40 high magnification and photographed in three dimensions at Istanbul University- Cerrahpaşa, Microendoneurosurgery and Neuroanatomy Laboratory.

Results: The facial nerve (FN) is the cranial nerve that controls mimic muscles and is responsible for facial expression. The FN trunk arises from the stylomastoid foramen and passes through the parotid gland and is usually divided into upper (temporofacial) and lower (cervicofacial) divisions, both of which also give five terminal branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal, mandibular, and cervical.The temporal branch of the facial nerve is the upper branch of the facial nerve and crosses the zygomatic arch inside the parotid gland on the deep surface of the temporoparietal fascia. It is separated from the deep temporal fascia by a loose connective tissue, which facilitates dissection and preservation of the facial nerve during surgery. This branch supplies the frontalis muscle with motor innervation to the corrugator, procerus, and sometimes the orbicularis oculi muscles. Injury of this nerve during dissection will lead to eyebrow asymmetry and ptosis, therefore it is important to protect it during surgery. Although the temporal branch varies from person to person; It can be found in an imaginary line drawn between the lower part of the auricle and the lateral edge of the eyebrow.

Conclusion: In order to prevent the temporal branch of the facial nerve, which is responsible for eyebrow and eye movements, from being damaged during the surgical procedure, it is necessary to know its microanatomy and to be careful during surgery. Anahtar Kelimeler : Facial nerve, Temporal branch, Ptosis