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¹Muş Devlet Hastanesi, Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi Kliniği, Muş, Türkiye
²Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı, Samsun, Türkiye The insula has been considered one of the most challenging areas of the brain. The main reason for this is, its deep location in the fronto-parietal and temporal operculum. The opening to this area after sylvian dissection is called the limen insula. It is in the form of a triangular island with its apex directed downwards and forwards. For this reason, it was defined as the insular lobe by the German anatomist Johann Christian Reil. The main trunks and cortical branches of the insular (M2) and opercular (M3) segments of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), located between the insula and the operculum in the approach to the insular region, are one of the main difficulties in the surgical approach. The insula is surrounded by white matter tracts and cortical structure, which have important functional roles for speech, especially in the dominant hemisphere. This article will review the superficial neuroanatomy of the insula, its neighborhoods, and its relationship with vascular structures. Anahtar Kelimeler : Insula, Operculum, Middle cerebral artery