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Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Nöroşrürji Anabilim Dalı, Edirne Recent advances in molecular genetics have led us to change the conventional strategies for diseases. The initial cellular concept began to give place to the new molecular concept of disease. Many idiopathic diseases are now considered as genetic in origine. Genetic studies are intensifying in all fields of medicine as well as in neurological sciences. Despite surgery, neurosurgeons have therefore to be aware of new treatment modalities of genetic basis. This article provides an overview of the characteristic of molecular genetics, approaches to neurological diaseases, and gene therapy. Anahtar Kelimeler : Gene therapy, molecular genetics, molecular neurosurgery