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¹,³ Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye
² Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik Doktora Programı, Ankara, Türkiye Article is presented to introduce neuroanatomical works of great physician Rufus of Ephesus who lived in I. century A.D. in ancient Anatolian city Ephesus ruins of which lie near Izmir, Turkey. The parts about neuroanatomical works of Rufus of Ephesus in Daremberg and Ruelle's writing Oeuvres De Rufus D'Éphèse explored and translated from French to Turkish. In the light of early studies concerning Rufus of Ephesus in literature on history of medicine, the importance and contributions of neuroanatomical works of Rufus of Ephesus were evaluated. Rufus of Ephesus introduced the difference between sensory and motor nerves from other connective tissues and described the optic chiasm and the vagus nerve. Rufus of Ephesus is a great Anatolian physician who made important authentic contributions to medicine about neuroanatomy. Anahtar Kelimeler : Rufus of Ephesus, Neuroanatomy, History of medicine