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Bağcılar Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Nöroşirürji Kliniği, İstanbul, Türkiye Many theories have been put forward to explain the pathophysiology of both Chiari type 1 malformation and the associated syringomyelia. The theory of primary paraxial mesodermal insufficiency is generally accepted to explain the development of Chiari type 1 malformation. However, there is no widely accepted theory that explains the development of the associated syringomyelia. Classifying syringomyelia theories in two groups as those accepting the cerebrospinal fluid or interstitial fluid as the source of the syrinx fluid makes it easier to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of syringomyelia. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological theories of Chiari type 1 malformation and syringomyelia. Anahtar Kelimeler : Chiari type 1 malformation, Pathophysiology, Syringomyelia