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¹ Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Nöroşirürji Kliniği, Ankara, Türkiye
² Ankara Üniversitesi, Tıp Tarihi ve Deontoloji Anabilim Dalı Ankara, Türkiye The Byzantine physician Aetios of Amida from the 6th century left behind a valuable medical treatise, tetrabiblon, from which the ensuing generations greatly benefited. Although this work was nearly forgotten in the 9th century it was re-introduced to the medical literature in 16th century through translation into Latin. Tetrabiblion includes some new concepts, especially on the topics regarding ophthalmology and surgical oncology, and it indicates that Aetios was a keen and courageous surgeon. At the same time, this work is the most important and elaborated ancient source for neurosurgery concerning the concept of hydrocephalus and its surgical treatment. In this article, we aimed to present Aeitos of Amida and his medical treatise tetrabiblon, in particular with the topic of hydrocephalus. Anahtar Kelimeler : Aeitos of Amida, Hydrocephalus, Tetrabiblon, History of medicine