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Gülhane Askeri Tıp Akademisi, Nöroşirürji Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye Cranioplasty operations are usually performed for cosmetic reasons or protection of neural tissue. This procedure is not just an anatomical reconstruction. Cranioplasty also provides neurological improvement and positive effect on regulation of blood circulation and metabolism of brain. Like autografts, allografts, xenografts and some bone products, many materials can be used for this purpose. Most favorable material is polymethylmetacrylate especially when otogen bone is not present. Sometimes, otogen bone is not preferred because of high resorbtion and infection rates and problems in preservation of the material. There are some advantages and disadvantages for each bone material. The subject of most suitable cranioplasty material is still controversial. In this retrospective study between 2004-2007, 50 cases which are operated by using polymethylmetacrylate or polyethylene were evaluated with parameters of patient age, operation time, infection and smoking habits. And, the results were discussed with short review of the literature. Anahtar Kelimeler : Cranioplasty, Head trauma, Decompressive craniectomy